Don't allow your laughter be much, nor on many occasions, nor
profuse.
Avoid swearing, if possible, altogether; if not, as far as you
are able.
Avoid public and vulgar entertainments; but, if ever an
occasion calls you to them, keep your attention upon the
stretch, that you may not imperceptibly slide into vulgar
manners. For be assured that if a person be ever so sound
himself, yet, if his companion be infected, he who converses
with him will be infected likewise.
Provide things relating to the body no further than mere use;
as meat, drink, clothing, house, family. But strike off and
reject everything relating to show and delicacy.
As far as possible, before marriage, keep yourself pure from
familiarities with women, and, if you indulge them, let it be
lawfully." But don't therefore be troublesome and full of
reproofs to those who use these liberties, nor frequently
boast that you yourself don't.
If anyone tells you that such a person speaks ill of you,
don't make excuses about what is said of you, but answer: " He
does not know my other faults, else he would not have
mentioned only these."
It is not necessary for you to appear often at public
spectacles; but if ever there is a proper occasion for you to
be there, don't appear more solicitous for anyone than for
yourself; that is, wish things to be only just as they are,
and him only to conquer who is the conqueror, for thus you
will meet with no hindrance. But abstain entirely from
declamations and derision and violent emotions. And when you
come away, don't discourse a great deal on what has passed,
and what does not contribute to your own amendment. For it
would appear by such discourse that you were immoderately
struck with the show.
Go not [of your own accord] to the rehearsals of any
[authors], nor appear [at them] readily. But, if you do
appear, keep your gravity and sedateness, and at the same time
avoid being morose.
When you are going to confer with anyone, and particularly of
those in a superior station, represent to yourself how
Socrates or Zeno would behave in such a case, and you will not
be at a loss to make a proper use of whatever may occur.
When you are going to any of the people in power, represent to
yourself that you will not find him at home; that you will not
be admitted; that the doors will not be opened to you; that he
will take no notice of you. If, with all this, it is your duty
to go, bear what happens, and never say [to yourself], " It
was not worth so much." For this is vulgar, and like a man
dazed by external things.
In parties of conversation, avoid a frequent and excessive
mention of your own actions and dangers. For, however
agreeable it may be to yourself to mention the risks you have
run, it is not equally agreeable to others to hear your
adventures. Avoid, likewise, an endeavor to excite laughter.
For this is a slippery point, which may throw you into vulgar
manners, and, besides, may be apt to lessen you in the esteem
of your acquaintance. Approaches to indecent discourse are
likewise dangerous. Whenever, therefore, anything of this sort
happens, if there be a proper opportunity, rebuke him who
makes advances that way; or, at least, by silence and blushing
and a forbidding look, show yourself to be displeased by such
talk.
34. If you are struck by the appearance of any promised
pleasure, guard yourself against being hurried away by it; but
let the affair wait your leisure, and procure yourself some
delay. Then bring to your mind both points of time: that in
which you will enjoy the pleasure, and that in which you will
repent and reproach yourself after you have enjoyed it; and
set before you, in opposition to these, how you will be glad
and applaud yourself if you abstain. And even though it should
appear to you a seasonable gratification, take heed that its
enticing, and agreeable and attractive force may not subdue
you; but set in opposition to this how much better it is to be
conscious of having gained so great a victory.
35. When you do anything from a clear judgment that it ought
to be done, never shun the being seen to do it, even though
the world should make a wrong supposition about it; for, if
you don't act right, shun the action itself; but, if you do,
why are you afraid of those who censure you wrongly?
36. As the proposition, "Either it is day or it is night," is
extremely proper for a disjunctive argument, but quite
improper in a conjunctive one, so, at a feast, to choose the
largest share is very suitable to the bodily appetite, but
utterly inconsistent with the social spirit of an
entertainment. When you eat with another, then, remember not
only the value of those things which are set before you to the
body, but the value of that behavior which ought to be
observed towards the person who gives the entertainment.
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