37. If you have assumed any character above your strength, you
have both made an ill figure in that and quitted one which you
might have supported.
38. When walking, you are careful not to step on a nail or
turn your foot; so likewise be careful not to hurt the ruling
faculty of your mind. And, if we were to guard against this in
every action, we should undertake the action with the greater
safety.
39. The body is to everyone the measure of the possessions
proper for it, just as the foot is of the shoe. If, therefore,
you stop at this, you will keep the measure; but if you move
beyond it, you must necessarily be carried forward, as down a
cliff; as in the case of a shoe, if you go beyond its fitness
to the foot, it comes first to be gilded, then purple, and
then studded with jewels. For to that which once exceeds a due
measure, there is no bound.
40. Women from fourteen years old are flattered with the title
of "mistresses" by the men. Therefore, perceiving that they
are regarded only as qualified to give the men pleasure, they
begin to adorn themselves, and in that to place ill their
hopes. We should, therefore, fix our attention on making them
sensible that they are valued for the appearance of decent,
modest and discreet behavior.
41. It is a mark of want of genius to spend much time in
things relating to the body, as to be long in our exercises,
in eating and drinking, and in the discharge of other animal
functions. These should be done incidentally and slightly, and
our whole attention be engaged in the care of the
understanding.
42. When any person harms you, or speaks badly of you,
remember that he acts or speaks from a supposition of its
being his duty. Now, it is not possible that he should follow
what appears right to you, but what appears so to himself.
Therefore, if he judges from a wrong appearance, he is the
person hurt, since he too is the person deceived. For if
anyone should suppose a true proposition to be false, the
proposition is not hurt, but he who is deceived about it.
Setting out, then, from these principles, you will meekly bear
a person who reviles you, for you will say upon every
occasion, "It seemed so to him."
43. Everything has two handles, the one by which it may be
carried, the other by which it cannot. If your brother acts
unjustly, don't lay hold on the action by the handle of his
injustice, for by that it cannot be carried; but by the
opposite, that he is your brother, that he was brought up with
you; and thus you will lay hold on it, as it is to be carried.
44. These reasonings are unconnected: "I am richer than you,
therefore I am better"; "I am more eloquent than you,
therefore I am better." The connection is rather this: "I am
richer than you, therefore my property is greater than yours;"
"I am more eloquent than you, therefore my style is better
than yours." But you, after all, are neither property nor
style.
45. Does anyone bathe in a mighty little time? Don't say that
he does it ill, but in a mighty little time. Does anyone drink
a great quantity of wine? Don't say that he does ill, but that
he drinks a great quantity. For, unless you perfectly
understand the principle from which anyone acts, how should
you know if he acts ill? Thus you will not run the hazard of
assenting to any appearances but such as you fully comprehend.
46. Never call yourself a philosopher, nor talk a great deal
among the unlearned about theorems, but act conformably to
them. Thus, at an entertainment, don't talk how persons ought
to eat, but eat as you ought. For remember that in this manner
Socrates also universally avoided all ostentation. And when
persons came to him and desired to be recommended by him to
philosophers, he took and- recommended them, so well did he
bear being overlooked. So that if ever any talk should happen
among the unlearned concerning philosophic theorems, be you,
for the most part, silent. For there is great danger in
immediately throwing out what you have not digested. And, if
anyone tells you that you know nothing, and you are not
nettled at it, then you may be sure that you have begun your
business. For sheep don't throw up the grass to show the
shepherds how much they have eaten; but, inwardly digesting
their food, they outwardly produce wool and milk. Thus,
therefore, do you likewise not show theorems to the unlearned,
but the actions produced by them after they have been
digested.
47. When you have brought yourself to supply the necessities
of your body at a small price, don't pique yourself upon it;
nor, if you drink water, be saying upon every occasion, "I
drink water." But first consider how much more sparing and
patient of hardship the poor are than we. But if at any time
you would inure yourself by exercise to labor, and bearing
hard trials, do it for your own sake, and not for the world;
don't grasp statues, but, when you are violently thirsty, take
a little cold water in your mouth, and spurt it out and tell
nobody.
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