* Initializes the initial context using the supplied environment.
     * Environment properties are discussed in the class description.
     *
     * <p> This method will modify <tt>environment</tt> and save
     * a reference to it.  The caller may no longer modify it.
     *
     * @param environment
     *		environment used to create the initial context.
     *		Null indicates an empty environment.
     *
     * @throws	NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     *
     * @see #InitialContext(boolean)
     * @since 1.3
     */
    protected void init(Hashtable<?,?> environment)
	throws NamingException
    {
	myProps = ResourceManager.getInitialEnvironment(environment);

	if (myProps.get(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY) != null) {
	    // user has specified initial context factory; try to get it
	    getDefaultInitCtx();
	}
    }

    /**
     * A static method to retrieve the named object.
     * This is a shortcut method equivalent to invoking:
     * <p>
     * <code>
     *        InitialContext ic = new InitialContext();
     *        Object obj = ic.lookup();
     * </code>
     * <p> If <tt>name</tt> is empty, returns a new instance of this context
     * (which represents the same naming context as this context, but its
     * environment may be modified independently and it may be accessed
     * concurrently).
     *
     * @param name
     *          the name of the object to look up
     * @return  the object bound to <tt>name</tt>
     * @throws  NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     *
     * @see #doLookup(String)
     * @see #lookup(Name)
     * @since 1.6
     */
    public static <T> T doLookup(Name name)
        throws NamingException {
        return (T) (new InitialContext()).lookup(name);
    }

   /**
     * A static method to retrieve the named object. 
     * See {@link #doLookup(Name)} for details.
     * @param name
     *          the name of the object to look up
     * @return  the object bound to <tt>name</tt>
     * @throws  NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
      * @since 1.6
     */
    public static <T> T doLookup(String name)
        throws NamingException {
        return (T) (new InitialContext()).lookup(name);
    }

    private static String getURLScheme(String str) {
	int colon_posn = str.indexOf(':');
	int slash_posn = str.indexOf('/');

	if (colon_posn > 0 && (slash_posn == -1 || colon_posn < slash_posn))
	    return str.substring(0, colon_posn);
	return null;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves the initial context by calling 
     * <code>NamingManager.getInitialContext()</code>
     * and cache it in defaultInitCtx.
     * Set <code>gotDefault</code> so that we know we've tried this before.
     * @return The non-null cached initial context.
     * @exception NoInitialContextException If cannot find an initial context.
     * @exception NamingException If a naming exception was encountered.
     */
    protected Context getDefaultInitCtx() throws NamingException{
	if (!gotDefault) {
	    defaultInitCtx = NamingManager.getInitialContext(myProps);
	    gotDefault = true;
	}
	if (defaultInitCtx == null)
	    throw new NoInitialContextException();

	return defaultInitCtx;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves a context for resolving the string name <code>name</code>.
     * If <code>name</code> name is a URL string, then attempt
     * to find a URL context for it. If none is found, or if